Originality and shock value Essay Example for Free

Originality and shock value Essay Dead animals, elephant dung, unmade beds and rice all seem like everyday objects but should we be calling them art? When we were growing up we were taught that art was a beautiful painting like Van Goghs Sunflowers, or a perfect sculpture of a human like Michelangelos David, but we were never really taught that conceptual and contemporary art were proper forms of art, even though it was established in the sixties. It made us think and challenge our own assumptions of what art should really look like. People didnt understand the idea of cows cut in half (Damien Hirst), wire mesh lockers (Mona Hatoum), rubble (Richard Long) or rubbish (Tomoko Takahashi) being called art unless you could frame it nicely on your living room wall. The fact that this type of art didnt fit neatly into peoples ideas of what art should be was the reason it was called conceptual. Conceptual and contemporary art got a huge reaction out of people because they felt conned and marginally embarrassed when, for example, they looked at Martin Creeds light going on and off and didnt get it. They didnt like the fact that they couldnt work out the true meaning of what the artist was trying to get across. It also got a reaction for another reason which was the simplicity of some of the art. Im sure that when all the people who were working long hours every week looked at the well-paid artist Tracey Emins unmade bed they were desperately screaming to themselves, BUT I COULD DO THAT! and thinking whether conceptual art is even worth looking at. Maybe some of us are completely missing the point they are trying to get across. Maybe instead of drowning in the depression of how easy, and perhaps pointless, the art is we should be fresh-eyed and open minded and celebrate the fact that these ideas and possibilites have been opened for us. Maybe thats the point. This art definitely has originality and shock value. Artists dont want to repeat whats been done before in the same way no one wants to hear old jokes. Their use of new technology adds to the quality of some of their work. Using a computer isnt a cop-out of drawing, its just another tool. The originality and shock value go hand-in-hand and afterall, arent those the two things we want when we look at art? We as viewers dont want to stand there looking at something so bland, tasteless and overrated; If we wanted that then we could just as easily stick a slice of bread on the wall and call that art. The artists look for new challenges and ways for us to see their art. This type of art makes us challenge ourselves to find beauty in the everyday things in life. My opinion of Modern Art is a very balanced one because even though some of the examples of conceptual and contemporary art are sometimes ridiculous, they also challenge you to find the true meaning of what it stands for. The shock factor aswell hypnotizes us and keeps our attention locked on the beauty of the art. One thing that fascinates me though is that if artist Chris Ofili paints with elephant dung he is seen as a Turner Prize winning genius, but if I tried to paint with elephant dung would I be seen as an artistic genius? Probably not.

Coca Cola Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Coca Cola This essay is regarding the most famous soft drink in the world Coca Cola. Coca Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton on May 1886. Pemberton mixed the combination of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian shrub to make the beverage. As time goes by, Coca Cola company has already become the world’s largest company and the leader of soft drink producers. Why the company did so successful over one hundred years? Besides the reason that the product is very tasty, another important reason is the company’s marketing strategy. The 4 ‘P’s (i.e. product, price, place, promotion) will be talked about as following. PRODUCT The Coca Cola Company has almost 400 brands of beverage. It markets four of the world's top five soft drink brands (Classic, Sprite etc). Consumers in nearly 200 countries enjoy The Coca Cola company’s products every day. The original and the best sell brand is Classic. It probably is the most people’s first choice. However, The Company does not rely on solely brand; it is keep developing new brand to satisfy consumer’s need. For instance, in response to the burgeoning popularity of low-carbohydrate diet, Coca Cola developed a low-carbohydrate alternative to Coke classic, which is called Coca Cola C2. It went on sale in Canada in August 2004. Brand recognition is also important. Coca Cola uses white text on a red background, with the words being quite bold. It is really attract consumers. There are varieties types of packaging available, such as 2 L bottle package, 1 L bottle package 24 can package, 12 can package and 8can package etc. Usually, most 1 L bottle packages are sold in vending machine. PRICE Coca cola is based on adaptive pricing strategy. It allow different stores set different prices. It also uses odd pricing strategy. For example, a 24-can package of Coke classic is $8.99 rather than $9.00. 2L Coke classic is $0.99, and so on. Sometimes, Coke offers special prices, like if customers buy three 12-can packages Coke for only $10.00. Coca Cola can creates low price, because it recycles the used cans, and has high-tech production line with massive production. PROMOTION Coca cola has some impressive advertising on TV. And, there is some contests for customers. For example, the company set a couple of million prize, after customers purchased Coke, the... ... as original one. The price of the Coke product may keep constant, even though the Coca Cola company will face inflation problem. In the mean time, the high-tech producing line should take over old one, and reduce the cost as low as possible, then, using cost-oriented pricing strategy. It will let Coke classic’s price more competitive to appeal my target market. I will make the promotion in happy and peaceful style. Sports can also used in promotion, for example, young adultsÂ’ favorite sport- hockey. With the increasing young adults’ population, I will use intensive distribution, and put Coke classic into as many place connected with young adults as possible such as restaurant, bars, and postsecondary school, and so on. It is possible to gain more Market share. WORKS CITED Statistics Canada Home Page. 28 July 2004. Statistics Canada’s Internet Site. 9 October 2004 . Coca Cola Home Page. 2003. The Coca Cola Company. 9 October 2004 The Beverage Net Work Home Page. â€Å"Beverage Digest/Maxwell Ranks U.S. Soft Drink Industry for 2003.† 4 March 2004. BevNET.com, Inc. 9 October 2004. < http://www.bevnet.com/news/2004/03-04-2004-bevdigest_maxwell_2003.asp>.

Ethics And Governance Essay

It raises the interelated notions of individual rights, fairness, equality and entitlement. The principles vary in numerous dimensions. These issues explore the appropriate distribution of social and economic benefits and related costs. There are five principles included an equal share for each individual, a share according to the needs of each individual, a share according to the efforts of each individual, a share according to the social contribution of each individual and a share according to the merits of each individual. There are three theories of distributive justice included Libertarianism, Utilitarian and Egalitarianism. Libertarianism approach It is a theory that defends unlimited laissez-faire capitalism as the only morally justified regime. Libertarian required for the maximization of freedom and liberty or the minimization of violations in these as long as the corporations don’t harm other’s freedom and not breaking the law. Following Locke, Nozick, the entitlement theory depends on the original acquisition of holding, the legitimate transfer of holdings to/ form others and the illegal acquisition of holdings. Libertarianism is doesn’t consider actual distributing in society. It means that the right of every individual to unlimited utilization of his own person (self-ownership); and the right to unrestricted, or relatively mildly limited, appropriation of external resources without suffering others and fraud from these transactions. In addition, an individual has exclusive right to all the goods that are product of use of his talents and efforts and he has either the right to appropriate all natural resources, which he finds and takes before others. Whether the distribution is just depends solely on how holdings were acquired. Property rights are derived from an individual’s basic moral rights, which take priority over all social or legislative arrangements imposed by society. This theory is interested only in this that the above procedures are satisfied and that nobody has used violence to take some goods from others. Forceful intervention of the state for the sake of helping the poor is not allowed. Therefore, any taxation involves violating of libertarianism and allowing some people to own other people. As my choosing company – PARKnSHOP Supermarket which organized by Hutchison Whampoa Limited, it is affecting environment that stop handing out plastic bags automatically for customers. For libertarian view, they have used the libertarian approach on their corporate actions and the legitimacy of their actions. The customers have their freedom and choice and right to buy something with plastic bag. Everyone kwon that the plastic bag offered by PARKnShop’s which is not good for the environment. However, most of people like to buy something with plastic bag because they have their freedom and self-ownership. For libertarian, it is ethic for PARKnSHOP’s can offer biodegradable bags and do the promotion on use biodegradable bags and involuntary levy on bags to the customers. It is because PARKnSHOP’s is rewarded so long as they are not breaking the law and don’t harm other’s freedom. However, it’s has some arguments against the libertarianism. It is because any taxation and helping environment involves violating of libertarianism. But, it always helping environment and do a lot of community activities such as involvement in the â€Å"Say No to Plastic Bags† campaign. Utilitarian approach Utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility. Following John Stuart Mill, utilitarian approach is a theory that takes as its primary aims the attainment and concern with maximum possible personal happiness of a society as a whole, which should ultimately determine what is just or unjust behavior. This goal is to be achieved in such a way that one first checks what makes every particular individual in a society happy, then sums up all these various wants and preferences, and finally finds out how to satisfy the greatest number of them. John Stuart Mill acknowledged that the society can receive more return from the more efficient laborer and it is just that talented workers can receive the greater remuneration. It is obtain efficient us of the resources if allow people to benefit from labor. A redistribution of resources increases general happiness of a society. However, the arbitrary and great disparity of distinctions and advocate strict equality may cause the unjust behavior and may cause social breakdown. It is because it would have an adverse influence on the working motivation of the able individuals, and thereby on the overall wealth of the society. Therefore, the utilitarian standard is essential for resolving any conflict between rival principles of justice and increases the allover happiness of a society. The main task is to find a balance between factors that point towards equality and those ones that go against it. It seems that the utilitarian view can be found in PARKnSHOP’s. For PARKnSHOP’s, it concerned with the maximization of happiness of society. It’s has providing a lot of jobs opportunity for the people. Also, PARKnSHOP’s are willing to do the supports community programs, which operate at the grassroots level, usually focused on local, global environment-related issues. It’s always giving back to society and help to create a better end and achieved to the utilitarian. However, it is not mean that can justify the ends. It is because the plastic bag of PARKnSHOP’s is a big problem. The research from the Friends of Earth (HK) shows shoppers want a bag whose need to pay 20 cents for each one. If the levy is constrained, they will initiative to reduce plastic use. One of the reasons of this research is because of they have already build up a habit of using plastic bags. They are driving a change with making profit and contributions. It is a big problem and not concerned with the maximization of personal happiness and argues to the Utilitarian View. Egalitarian approach John Rawls explores the egalitarian approach and tries to determine principles of just society with the help of hypothetical contract among members of a society. His hypothetical introduces the notion of an abstract social contract to establish principles of justice. It is supposed by John Rawls that individuals who make this contract primarily care for their self-interest, that they are rational, well informed about human nature and functioning of society, and that they are placed under so called veil of gnorance. They are also assumed to know nothing about those of their characteristics, individual situation and circumstances that might influence impartiality of the decision-making. In egalitarian, that all members of a society should have the equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities. John Rawls addressed that each person h as equal right to the most extensive scheme same basic liberties and defends this notion that every individual would be assured justice as equal treatment for all once the veil of ignorance is removed. In addition, John Rawls addressed that social and economic inequalities are to meet two conditions. The two conditions are economic inequalities are allowed but only if they benefit even the least advantaged individuals and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair quality of opportunity. The basic social structure, not the transactions between individuals, should establish justice as a cooperative project for the mutual benefit of society, and minimize the socioeconomic consequences or random natural differences between people. For PARKnSHOP’s, the stakeholders of it is included employees, customers, suppliers materials, wholesales, creditors, government and the environment society. It seems that the equalitarianism can be maintained. It’s paid the high taxes. It’s has always been committed to serving the community through involvement in the territories many social services for all stakeholders as well as charity work such as World Wide Fund for Nature. In addition, they are care about the welfare of people and built up the Li Ka Shing Foundation for the people who in hospital, education, construction and support the community activities and benefit people worldwide. It’s help people in need around the world and gives the equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities for the people. It is the mutual benefit of society, and minimizes the socioeconomic consequences or random natural differences between people. Moreover, It’s gives the equal job opportunity to the minority and women.

Glycosidic Bond Definition and Examples

A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate to another functional group or molecule. A substance containing a glycosidic bond is termed a glycoside. Glycosides may be categorized according to elements involved in the chemical bond. Glycosidic Bond Example An N-glycosidic bond connects the adenine and ribose in the molecule adenosine. The bond is drawn as a vertical line between the carbohydrate and the adenine. O-, N-, S-, and C-glycosidic Bonds Glycosidic bonds are labeled according to the identity of the atom on the second carbohydrate or the functional group. The bond formed between the hemiacetal or hemiketal on the first carbohydrate and the hydroxyl group on the second molecule is an O-glycosidic bond. There are also N-, S-, and C-glycosidic bonds. Covalent bonds between the hemiacetal or hemiketal to  -SR form thioglycosides. If the bond is to SeR, then selenoglycosides form. Bonds to -NR1R2 are N-glycosides. Bonds to -CR1R2R3 are termed C-glycosides. The term aglycone refers to any compound ROH from which a carbohydrate residue has been removed, while the carbohydrate residue may be referred to as the glycone. These terms are most commonly applied to naturally occurring glycosides. ÃŽ ±-  and  ÃŽ ²-glycosidic Bonds The orientation of the bond may be noted, too.  ÃŽ ±-  and  ÃŽ ²-glycosidic bonds are based on the  stereocenter furthest from saccharide C1.  An ÃŽ ±-glycosidic bond occurs when both carbons share the same stereochemistry. Î’-glycosidic bond forms when the two carbons have different stereochemistry.